winbindd(8)
NAME
winbindd - Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names from NT
servers
SYNOPSIS
winbindd [-F] [-S] [-i] [-Y] [-d <debug level>] [-s <smb config file>]
[-n]
DESCRIPTION
This program is part of the samba(7) suite.
winbindd is a daemon that provides a number of services to the Name
Service Switch capability found in most modern C libraries, to arbitary
applications via PAM and ntlm_auth and to Samba itself.
Even if winbind is not used for nsswitch, it still provides a service
to smbd, ntlm_auth and the pam_winbind.so PAM module, by managing con-
nections to domain controllers. In this configuraiton the idmap uid and
idmap gid parameters are not required. (This is known as `netlogon
proxy only mode'.)
The Name Service Switch allows user and system information to be ob-
tained from different databases services such as NIS or DNS. The exact
behaviour can be configured throught the /etc/nsswitch.conf file. Users
and groups are allocated as they are resolved to a range of user and
group ids specified by the administrator of the Samba system.
The service provided by winbindd is called `winbind' and can be used to
resolve user and group information from a Windows NT server. The ser-
vice can also provide authentication services via an associated PAM
module.
The pam_winbind module supports the auth, account and password mod-
ule-types. It should be noted that the account module simply performs a
getpwnam() to verify that the system can obtain a uid for the user, as
the domain controller has already performed access control. If the lib-
nss_winbind library has been correctly installed, or an alternate
source of names configured, this should always succeed.
The following nsswitch databases are implemented by the winbindd ser-
vice:
hosts This feature is only available on IRIX. User information tradi-
tionally stored in the hosts(5) file and used bygethostbyname(3)
functions. Names are resolved through the WINS server or by
broadcast.
passwd User information traditionally stored in the passwd(5) file and
used bygetpwent(3) functions.
group Group information traditionally stored in the group(5) file and
used bygetgrent(3) functions.
For example, the following simple configuration in the/etc/nss-
witch.conf file can be used to initially resolve user and group infor-
mation from /etc/passwd and /etc/group and then from the Windows NT
server.
passwd: files winbind
group: files winbind
## only available on IRIX; Linux users should us libnss_wins.so
hosts: files dns winbind
The following simple configuration in the/etc/nsswitch.conf file can be
used to initially resolve hostnames from /etc/hosts and then from the
WINS server.
hosts: files wins
OPTIONS
-F If specified, this parameter causes the main winbindd process to
not daemonize, i.e. double-fork and disassociate with the termi-
nal. Child processes are still created as normal to service each
connection request, but the main process does not exit. This op-
eration mode is suitable for runningwinbindd under process su-
pervisors such as supervise and svscan from Daniel J. Bern-
stein's daemontools package, or the AIX process monitor.
-S If specified, this parameter causeswinbindd to log to standard
output rather than a file.
-V Prints the program version number.
-s <configuration file>
The file specified contains the configuration details required
by the server. The information in this file includes server-spe-
cific information such as what printcap file to use, as well as
descriptions of all the services that the server is to provide.
See smb.conf for more information. The default configuration
file name is determined at compile time.
-d|--debug=debuglevel
debuglevel is an integer from 0 to 10. The default value if this
parameter is not specified is zero.
The higher this value, the more detail will be logged to the log
files about the activities of the server. At level 0, only crit-
ical errors and serious warnings will be logged. Level 1 is a
reasonable level for day-to-day running - it generates a small
amount of information about operations carried out.
Levels above 1 will generate considerable amounts of log data,
and should only be used when investigating a problem. Levels
above 3 are designed for use only by developers and generate
HUGE amounts of log data, most of which is extremely cryptic.
Note that specifying this parameter here will override the pa-
rameter in the smb.conf file.
-l|--logfile=logdirectory
Base directory name for log/debug files. The extension ".prog-
name" will be appended (e.g. log.smbclient, log.smbd, etc...).
The log file is never removed by the client.
-h|--help
Print a summary of command line options.
-i Tells winbindd to not become a daemon and detach from the cur-
rent terminal. This option is used by developers when interac-
tive debugging of winbindd is required.winbindd also logs to
standard output, as if the -S parameter had been given.
-n Disable caching. This means winbindd will always have to wait
for a response from the domain controller before it can respond
to a client and this thus makes things slower. The results will
however be more accurate, since results from the cache might not
be up-to-date. This might also temporarily hang winbindd if the
DC doesn't respond.
-Y Single daemon mode. This means winbindd will run as a single
process (the mode of operation in Samba 2.2). Winbindd's default
behavior is to launch a child process that is responsible for
updating expired cache entries.
NAME AND ID RESOLUTION
Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned a security id
(SID) which is globally unique when the user or group is created. To
convert the Windows NT user or group into a unix user or group, a map-
ping between SIDs and unix user and group ids is required. This is one
of the jobs that winbindd performs.
As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user and group
ids are allocated from a specified range. This is done on a first come,
first served basis, although all existing users and groups will be
mapped as soon as a client performs a user or group enumeration com-
mand. The allocated unix ids are stored in a database file under the
Samba lock directory and will be remembered.
WARNING: The SID to unix id database is the only location where the us-
er and group mappings are stored by winbindd. If this file is deleted
or corrupted, there is no way for winbindd to determine which user and
group ids correspond to Windows NT user and group rids.
See the parameter in smb.conf for options for sharing this database,
such as via LDAP.
CONFIGURATION
Configuration of the winbindd daemon is done through configuration pa-
rameters in the smb.conf(5) file. All parameters should be specified in
the [global] section of smb.conf.
o winbind separator
o idmap uid
o idmap gid
o idmap backend
o winbind cache time
o winbind enum users
o winbind enum groups
o template homedir
o template shell
o winbind use default domain
EXAMPLE SETUP
To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus authentication from a
domain controller use something like the following setup. This was
tested on a RedHat 6.2 Linux box.
In /etc/nsswitch.conf put the following:
passwd: files winbind
group: files winbind
In /etc/pam.d/* replace the auth lines with something like this:
auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so
auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so
auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
auth required /lib/security/pam_pwdb.so use_first_pass shadow nullok
Note in particular the use of the sufficient keyword and the
use_first_pass keyword.
Now replace the account lines with this:
account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
The next step is to join the domain. To do that use thenet program like
this:
net join -S PDC -U Administrator
The username after the -U can be any Domain user that has administrator
privileges on the machine. Substitute the name or IP of your PDC for
"PDC".
Next copy libnss_winbind.so to/lib and pam_winbind.so to /lib/securi-
ty. A symbolic link needs to be made from /lib/libnss_winbind.so
to/lib/libnss_winbind.so.2. If you are using an older version of glibc
then the target of the link should be/lib/libnss_winbind.so.1.
Finally, setup a smb.conf(5) containing directives like the following:
[global]
winbind separator = +
winbind cache time = 10
template shell = /bin/bash
template homedir = /home/%D/%U
idmap uid = 10000-20000
idmap gid = 10000-20000
workgroup = DOMAIN
security = domain
password server = *
Now start winbindd and you should find that your user and group data-
base is expanded to include your NT users and groups, and that you can
login to your unix box as a domain user, using the DOMAIN+user syntax
for the username. You may wish to use the commands getent passwd and
getent group to confirm the correct operation of winbindd.
NOTES
The following notes are useful when configuring and running winbindd:
nmbd(8) must be running on the local machine for winbindd to work.
PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what you are do-
ing when modifying PAM configuration files. It is possible to set up
PAM such that you can no longer log into your system.
If more than one UNIX machine is running winbindd, then in general the
user and groups ids allocated by winbindd will not be the same. The us-
er and group ids will only be valid for the local machine, unless a
shared is configured.
If the the Windows NT SID to UNIX user and group id mapping file is
damaged or destroyed then the mappings will be lost.
SIGNALS
The following signals can be used to manipulate thewinbindd daemon.
SIGHUP Reload the smb.conf(5) file and apply any parameter changes to
the running version of winbindd. This signal also clears any
cached user and group information. The list of other domains
trusted by winbindd is also reloaded.
SIGUSR2
The SIGUSR2 signal will cause winbindd to write status informa-
tion to the winbind log file.
Log files are stored in the filename specified by the log file
parameter.
FILES
/etc/nsswitch.conf(5)
Name service switch configuration file.
/tmp/.winbindd/pipe
The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate with the winbindd
program. For security reasons, the winbind client will only at-
tempt to connect to the winbindd daemon if both the /tmp/.win-
bindd directory and /tmp/.winbindd/pipe file are owned by root.
$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe
The UNIX pipe over which 'privileged' clients communicate with
the winbindd program. For security reasons, access to some win-
bindd functions - like those needed by the ntlm_auth utility -
is restricted. By default, only users in the 'root' group will
get this access, however the administrator may change the group
permissions on $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged to allow programs
like 'squid' to use ntlm_auth. Note that the winbind client will
only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon if both the
$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged directory and $LOCKDIR/win-
bindd_privileged/pipe file are owned by root.
/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X
Implementation of name service switch library.
$LOCKDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb
Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX user/group id mapping.
The lock directory is specified when Samba is initially compiled
using the --with-lockdir option. This directory is by default
/usr/local/samba/var/locks .
$LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb
Storage for cached user and group information.
VERSION
This man page is correct for version 3.0 of the Samba suite.
SEE ALSO
nsswitch.conf(5), samba(7), wbinfo(1), ntlm_auth(8), smb.conf(5),
pam_winbind(8)
AUTHOR
The original Samba software and related utilities were created by An-
drew Tridgell. Samba is now developed by the Samba Team as an Open
Source project similar to the way the Linux kernel is developed.
wbinfo and winbindd were written by Tim Potter.
The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done by Gerald Carter. The
conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 for Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander
Bokovoy.
WINBINDD(8)
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